Ancestral Puebloan textile production coincides
with crop cultivation of "the three sisters," corn, beans and squash, in about
200 AD. Artistic expression flourishes in architecture, pottery, and textile
production. Domesticated cotton makes its way north at about this time, although
the use of cotton for textile production really is not significant until about
700AD.
The earliest textiles were made from wild plant fibers, animal and human hair,
and fur and feathers in a variety of non-loom techniques. Hair fibers used
include dog, bear, mountain goat, sheep and other animals,
including strips of rabbit pelts; and plant fibers, such as yucca, agave,
milkweed, and domesticated cotton. The color palette was simple - generally
whatever the color of the fiber was, plus brown, white and occasionally shades
of reddish ochre, yellow and black.
With the introduction of cotton as a textile material, textiles became more
complex and varied. Warm robes, socks, braided sashes, nets, trump lines, and
fringed aprons continue to be made, but added between 700 and 1100 were cotton
blankets, belting, breechcloths, shirts, kilts cotton string aprons and skirts.
Decoration becomes more complex. Techniques used
include tie dying, embroidery and weaving in complex patterns. Painted textiles
and cloths are also produced, and fabric becomes a luxury good for gift exchange
and trade. The Ancestral Puebloans are credited with the development of the
upright loom, whose efficiency influenced the proliferation of woven cotton
textiles.
The Durango Collection® includes a rare, pristine white cotton Ancestral
Puebloan manta. The fibers remain remarkably supple and intact even though the
textile has been carbon dated to 1250-1325AD. It was found sealed in a pot with
two other pristine, white cotton textiles near Holbrook Arizona. It's sealed
storage and the dry southwest climate account for its fine state of
preservation.
The contemporary production of textiles by Pueblo people today continues the
tradition of textile production that began with the introduction of cotton to
the Southwest. The Ancestral Puebloan white cotton manta in the Durango
Collection ® is remarkably similar in format, construction and materials to
pieces being produced today.