SurfMin: surface and ground water

OSM Library Number: 042 Date to NTIS: 04/18/90

NTIS Accession No: PB90-221433/AS NTIS List Price: 31.00

CFR Citation: 30 CFR 780.21

Title of Report:

GROUND WATER MODEL HANDBOOK (1981). 441 pp.

Performing Organization Name and Address:

USDOI-Office of Surface Mining Reclamation & Enforcement, Denver, CO 80202

Type of Report: Technical Handbook

Abstract:

Manual describes models of groundwater flow and quality designed to assist user

in evaluating cumulative hydrological impacts of mining. Flow model is a

modified version of Prickett-Lonquist finite difference model which can

stimulate artesian or water table aquifers, irregular boundaries/variable

pumping rates/ underground mines/surface mines/reclaimed mines. Both

groundwater inflows and drawdowns caused by mining can be calculated. Manual

describes theory behind models and input to interactive data preparation program

and provides several practical examples. Listings of FORTRAN source codes are

in the Appendices.

Keywords:

GROUNDWATER

HYDROLOGIC IMPACTS

AQUIFERS

Author(s): (Unknown)

OSM Library Number: 189 Date to NTIS: 12/29/89

NTIS Accession No: PB90-160409/AS NTIS List Price: 17.00

CFR Citation: 30 CFR 816.41

Title of Report:

HYDROLOGIC CONNECTION BETWEEN SURFACE WATERS AND GROUND WATERS IN THE CARBONDALE

GROUP OF DAVIESS, GIBSON, AND PIKE COUNTIES, INDIANA (1983). 53 pp.

Performing Organization Name and Address:

Indiana University (Geology), Bloomington, IN 47405

Type of Report: Final Report

Abstract:

Purpose of this study was to ascertain the baseline hydrologic conditions in the

Pennsylvania Carbondale Group and the effects of coal mining on the groundwater

regime. A complete water chemistry for 70 water samples is presented. Sulfur

isotope data indicate very similar concentrations in both rock and associated

water samples.

Keywords:

SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER

CARBONDALE GROUP

COAL-BEARING AREAS

Author(s): (Unknown)

OSM Library Number: 298 Date to NTIS: 03/26/90

NTIS Accession No: PB90-198755/AS NTIS List Price: 23.00

CFR Citation: 30 CFR 816.42

Title of Report:

BASELINE STUDY OF GROUND-WATER MOVEMENT AND CHEMISTRY IN THE CARBONDALE GROUP OF

DAVIESS, PIKE AND GIBSON COUNTIES, INDIANA (1980). 132 pp.

Performing Organization Name and Address:

Indiana University (Geology), Bloomington, IN 47405.

Type of Report: Final Report

Abstract:

Groundwater was sampled from 27 wells along a traverse in Daviess, Pike and

Gibson Counties. Static water-level was measured in 25 wells near the traverse

line. Statistical technique of factor analysis was used to reduce complexity of

data. Initial factor analysis solution yielded 3 factors accounting for over

70% of total variance in data. 3 other independent variables (temperature and

depth of well casing and depth to bedrock) affected water chemistry. A multiple

regression analysis was used to statistically remove influence of independent

variables; a new data set factor was analyzed to determine chemical trends.

Keywords:

SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER

CARBONDALE GROUP

HYDROLOGIC BALANCE

Author(s):

Krothe, Noel C.

OSM Library Number: 568 Date to NTIS: 04/27/90

NTIS Accession No: PB90-208992/AS NTIS List Price: 23.00

CFR Citation: 30 CFR 701.5, 784.14(g), 816.41(b), 816.51

Title of Report:

SURFACE COAL MINING EFFECTS ON GROUND WATER RECHARGE (1990). 159 pp.

Performing Organization Name and Address:

National Research Council, Washington, DC 20418

Type of Report: Scientific/Technical Report

Abstract:

Report includes information on regulatory aspects of the hydrology of

ground-water recharge, premining conditions in U. S. coal mining regions,

methods and impacts of mining, and techniques for quantifying ground-water

recharge rates. In addition, the report includes a discussion of the relevant

water quality issues, conclusions, recommendations of the Committee on Ground

Water Recharge in Surface-Mined Areas, a glossary, and technical appendices to

supplement the main text, which is brief and focused.

Keywords:

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE

RECHARGE CAPACITY

RECLAMATION

Author(s): (Unknown)

NTIS Accession No: NTIS List Price:

Title of Report:

GROUNDWATER MOVEMENT AND CHEMICAL EVOLUTION FROM THE ROOT ZONE TO THE WATER

TABLE (May 1995). 420 pp.

Performing Organization Name and Address:

Energy & Environment Research Center

University of North Dakota

Grand Forks, ND 58202-9018

Type of Report: Mining research contract report.

Abstract:

The assessment of environmental risks associated with surface mining and

reclamation requires detailed site-specific information to allow for logical

planning in a broad context of complex environmental and socioeconomic

relations. This final report contains detailed characteristics of key hydro and

geochemical processes participating in pore and groundwater evolution at three

sites in North Dakota and innovative interpretation of large sets of field and

laboratory data. Interpretation of over 3700 soil extracts analyses,

geochemical modeling, and statistical analysis used in the study proved fast,

accurate, reasonable, and effective tools in geochemical characterization of

sites at Fritz, Indian Head, and Velva mines. The presence of acid-generating

materials and their impact on pore and groundwater evolution have been

documented at the Fritz site. The prediction of the most probable extent of the

oxidation zone is based on the field data and geochemical modeling. This

information should become the essential requirements in both the decisions on

environmentally sound reclamation and those made before and during mining

operations. Understanding that reclamation is an inseparable part of the mining

activities will result in programmatic planning and substantial economic benefit

for all participants in the mining process.

Keywords:

Groundwater

Geochemical characterization

Geochemical modeling

Statistical analysis

Acid-oxidation

Author(s):J. Solc

NTIS Accession No: NTIS List Price:

Title of Report:

DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUES USED TO DRILL, COMPLETE, AND DEVELOP WELLS AND TO TEST

SAMPLE AQUIFERS AT A SURFACE COAL MINE IN NORTHWESTERN COLORADO (1993) 39pp.

Performing Organization Name and Address:

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

Type of Report: Water-Resources Investigations Report (92-4067)

Abstract:

Techniques used to obtain hydrologic information at a surface coal mine in

northwestern Colorado are described in this report. Drilling, completion, and

development techniques for wells in bedrock and reclaimed spoils are described.

Aquifer hydraulic properties and water quality were measured for confined

bedrock aquifers and unconfined reclaimed spoil aquifers. To the extent

possible, techniques for testing aquifer hydraulic properties and for obtaining

water-quality samples were compared. Flowing-well tests, recovery tests, slug

tests, and pressure slug tests were used in the confined bedrock aquifers. The

flowing-well test was used for wells that flowed sufficiently to permit easy

measurement of discharge. Recovery tests were used to check results of two

flowing-well tests. The slug test was used for confined bedrock aquifers where

the water level in the well was above land surface but below the top of the well

casing. The pressure slug test was used for confined bedrock aquifers that did

not produce enough discharge to be easily measured. Pumping tests were used for

the unconfined reclaimed spoil aquifers.

Well water was sampled using three techniques. Samples were collected when the

first water flowed or was pumped from the well, when measurements of field

water-quality properties were stable, and when three casing volumes of water

were removed. Sampling after three casing volumes of water were removed from

the well generally was the preferred technique.

Keywords:

Ground water, Water quality

Author(s)

Robert S. Williams, Jr., and Gregory M. Clark

NTIS Accession No: NTIS List Price:

Title of Report:

WETLAND HYDROLOGY OF MINE LANDS (February 1997) 30pp

Performing Organization Name and Address:

Energy & Environmental Research Center; University of North Dakota; Grand

Forks, ND 58202-9018

Type of Report: Mining research contract report

Abstract:

Results of a multidisciplinary effort at seven wetland locations in North Dakota

provide general information on key environmental factors controlling

hydrological interactions at wetlands in natural, abandoned mine, and reclaimed

settings. Described localities are characterized by extremely low-permeable

clayey-silty sediments with slow circulation, a stagnant groundwater regime, and

a reduced potential for interaction between surface water and groundwater.

Extremely low values of hydraulic conductivity in both the saturated and the

unsaturated zones, ranging from 8 x 10-6 to 3 x 10-9 m s-1 and from 8.7 x 10-4

cm s-1 to

5.4 x 10-7 cm s-1, respectively, indicate the absence of more permeable zones

capable of providing potential for groundwater flow in natural, abandoned mine,

and reclaimed wetland localities. Climatic conditions control soil temperature

fluctuations during the year. Freeze-thaw periods in North Dakota are almost

equal, resulting in a very limited potential for surface water to recharge

groundwater systems. Comparison of environmental conditions and water balance

at natural, abandoned mine, and reclaimed wetland localities indicates the

original wetland functions were not fully restored at reclaimed locations,

particularly with respect to potential groundwater recharge/discharge.

Reclaimed wetland localities, however, can support premining vegetation and

biohabitat and provide an effective control of the local surface flow.

Detailed site characterization and understanding of the key environmental

factors are prerequisite to successful restoration of wetlands to premining

conditions and are logical tools to justify the costs associated with

reclamation in the wider environmental and economic context.

Keywords:

Wetland reclamation

Groundwater

Wetland design

Author(s)

Jaroslav Solc, Padam P. Sharma, and Fredric S. Carter